NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA (NPC)
NPC is most of common problems. it's a development of squamous cell in the pharynx cavity. usually the common symptom that patient had is middle ear effusion. other symptoms are neck mass, cranial nerve palsy, epistaxis, trimus and headache. the known risk factor that triggering NPC are genetic, diet, EBV, and environment. EBV is "Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), also called human herpesvirus 4 (HHV-4), is a virus of the herpes family, which includes herpes simplex virus1 and 2, and is one of the most common viruses in humans. It is best known as the cause of infectious mononucleosis. It is also associated with particular forms of cancer, particularly Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and central nervous system lymphomas associated with HIV.[1] Finally, there is evidence that infection with the virus is associated with a higher risk of certain autoimmune diseases, especially dermatomyositis[citation needed], systemic lupus erythematosus,[2][3] rheumatoid arthritis,[3] Sjögren's syndrome,[3] and multiple sclerosis "(wikipedia)
NPC usually treated by surgery, chemotheraphy, and radiotheraphy.
in audiology perspective
as, an audiologist, NPC can cause recurrent infection that may lead to conductive loss to progress to sensorineural loss. usually, NPC will showed Type C tympanogram that may suggest ET dysfuction. the condition may showed little prognosis, even after surgery. patient who had NPC may had high risk to have facial palsy, tis is due to severe infection that may spread to the nerve. if patient go for chemotheraphy, the risk of cochlear damage is still there. outer hair cells in the cochlea which play a role in mobilize the basilar membrane, is more susceptible to damage. if the OHC is damage, the frequency selectivity and loudness perception is affected to. the electomotility of the OHC is important for a person to hear low intensity stimuli. this active mechanism is so much important that able to ensure the transmission of the stimuli to higher auditory function.the drug used for chemotheraphy also can cause ototoxicity. aminoglycoside that used as antibiotics to control the infection also is toxic for our ear. References:
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein-Barr_virus
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasopharyngeal_carcinoma
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